Midwives’ views of caseload midwifery – comparing the caseload and non-caseload midwives’ opinions. A cross-sectional survey of Australian midwives.

BackgroundMidwife-led continuity of care has substantial benefits for women and infants and positive outcomes for midwives, yet access to these models remains limited. Caseload midwifery is associated with professional satisfaction and lower burnout, but also impacts on work-life boundaries. Few studies have explored caseload midwifery from the perspective of midwives working in caseload models compared to those in standard care models, understanding this is critical to sustainability and upscaling.AimTo compare views of caseload midwifery – those working in caseload models and those in standard care models in hospitals with and without caseload.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey of midwives working in Australian public hospitals providing birthing services.FindingsResponses were received from 542/3850 (14%) midwives from 111 hospitals – 20% worked in caseload, 39% worked in hospitals with caseload but did not work in the model, and 41% worked in hospitals without caseload. Regardless of exposure, midwives expressed support for caseload models, and for increased access to all women regardless of risk. Fifty percent of midwives not working in caseload expressed willingness to work in the model in the future. Flexibility, autonomy and building relationships were positive influencing factors, with on-call work the most common reason midwives did not want to work in caseload.ConclusionsThere was widespread support for and willingness to work in caseload. The findings suggest that the workforce could support increasing access to caseload models at existing and new caseload sites. Exposure to the model provides insight into understanding how the model works, which can positively or negatively influence midwives’ views.     

论王国维的“本色”观——基于王国维对元曲的评价

王国维用“意境”“境界”等概念建构起自己的美学体系。他认为作为抒情文学的词作必须有作者的真情实感蕴藏于内，“真情”是“境界”说的重要组成部分。出于对“真情”的看重，王国维着力于对元剧的研究，从戏剧艺术的角度，他对元剧十分鄙视，但从文辞的角度，他对元剧十分欣赏。王国维称元曲为“活文学”，与元曲作者蕴于其中的“真情”有莫大关系。王国维对元曲的研究基本延续了治词的角度和观点，论曲仍以“真情”为首要标准。不同之处在于，“当行”也是他的“本色”观的组成部分，是其“本色”观比“意境”说在理论范围上更为广阔之处。相比较而言，吴梅的“本色”观亦注重“真情”，对作品的评论，他更多的是从排场角度分析、评价作品。对作品的用字，吴梅亦崇尚自然，同时又有所保留。     

Preference for realistic art predicts support for Brexit

Following the UK’s EU referendum in June 2016, there has been considerable interest from scholars in understanding the characteristics that differentiate Leave supporters from Remain supporters. Since Leave supporters score higher on conscientiousness but lower on neuroticism and openness, and given their general proclivity toward conservatism, we hypothesized that preference for realistic art would predict support for Brexit. Data on a large nationally representative sample of the British population were obtained, and preference for realistic art was measured using a four‐item binary choice test. Controlling for a range of personal characteristics, we found that respondents who preferred all four realistic paintings were 15–20 percentage points more likely to support Leave than those who preferred zero or one realistic paintings. This effect was comparable to the difference in support between those with a degree and those with no education, and was robust to controlling for the respondent’s party identity.     

杜威教师观的实质及其启示

杜威以类比的方式描述教师角色，表达了他希望通过教育实现社会民主的愿望，带有明显的宗教痕迹与理想主义色彩。杜威围绕其教师观的精髓——“教师是学生思维发展的领导者”——对教师这一支撑性角色做了不同表述，丰富了教师角色的多样性。但杜威将教育者与教师等同的理解方式，在某种程度上导致教师概念过度泛化，模糊了家庭、学校、社会不同场域的育人特征与方式。新时代下，要客观地把握杜威教师观的现实意义，秉持取其精华、去其糟粕的科学理性观点。     

开创文学审美的新时代--谈长篇小说《国家干部》的艺术特色

张平的长篇小说《国家干部》所反映的是共产党如何为人民执好政、掌好权这一敏感题材,它把主人公放在大时代的血与火的较量中,通过与党内宗族势力形成的关系网进行的较量,从深层次挖掘了主题。在艺术构思上,这部小说赞颂了党性美、人性美、人格美,谱写了一曲美的颂歌。     

蒙古族风格交响乐作品中的审美观

蒙古族风格交响乐作品,是作曲家在长期写作实践中创作出的一系列以蒙古族文化内涵为表现内容,以蒙古族风格的民歌、器乐曲旋律或自创的带有蒙古族风格的旋律作为作品主题并贯穿发展的交响乐作品。这些作品所表达的是作曲家眼中的蒙古族历史、英雄、自然风貌、民俗风情等一切涉及蒙古族文化所包含的内容,表现的是蒙古族的精神、性格和气质,传达的是蒙古族的崇高审美理想,是蒙古民族的感情、特有文化和审美方式的升华。     

Intergenerational Life Courses of Teenage Pregnancy in Ogbomosho South‐Western Nigeria

Concern that the teenage pregnancy rate in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria has doubled within the last decade prompted an intergenerational survey of a sample of 277 respondents (163 pregnant teenagers, 91 teen parents and 23 adult parents who were once teen parents) selected through snowballing and then interviewed in four group discussions in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Findings revealed that 43.5 per cent of the female and 48.5 per cent of the male teenagers informed their parents first when they became pregnant or made someone pregnant respectively. They also showed that lack of knowledge about puberty (21.3%) was a major factor that influenced teenage pregnancy. The majority (53.4%) of the respondents believed that their parents perceived teenage pregnancy as God's blessing, while it was perceived as sign of poverty by their school teachers (36.5%). Blame for unwanted pregnancy was put on the girls by 49.5 per cent of the respondents. Focused educational enlightenment for teenagers on sexual reproductive health is needed for reshaping teenagers' risky behaviours. This is in line with 25.6 per cent of the respondents who felt that community youth forum on sex education could reduce teenage pregnancy.     

湘西北辰州傩戏的特征及其传承价值

傩戏是一门古老的地方戏曲形式,也是一种祭祀方式,其依附于地方文化,便形成极具地方特色的傩戏风格。在飞速发展的现代社会中,傩戏的生存处境堪忧,这种古老而又极具鬼神意识的戏种,已经与现代人的思想意识和现代社会的需求格格不入,但古老艺术形态留存千年,有着丰富的表演形式与文化内涵,对于民俗学的研究、文化艺术形态的研究、宣传教育等方面,都极具传承价值,切实可行的传承途径措施的出台与实施已经刻不容缓。